The Michigan Department of Health and Human Services encourages Michigan residents to take steps to avoid tick bites when enjoying the outdoors this summer.

Tick-borne diseases, particularly Lyme disease and anaplasmosis, are increasing across the state.

Lyme disease, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, is the most common tick-borne disease in Michigan. Anaplasmosis, caused by the bacteria Anaplasma phagocytophilum, is the second-most common tick-borne disease in Michigan, and cases are increasing — particularly in the Upper Peninsula.

Both Lyme disease and anaplasmosis are transmitted by Ixodes scapularis, commonly known as the blacklegged or deer tick. The blacklegged tick is well-established in parts of Michigan’s Upper and Lower Peninsulas and has been found in new regions over the past few years. Information about Lyme disease risk by county is available at Michigan.gov/lyme.

“Preventing tick bites is the best way to prevent tick-borne diseases, including Lyme disease and anaplasmosis,” said Dr. Mary Grace Stobierski, MDHHS Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases manager. “If you find a tick attached to your body, promptly remove it. Monitor your health and if you experience fever, rash, muscle or joint aches or other symptoms, consult with your medical provider.”

Signs and symptoms of tick-borne disease typically begin one to two weeks after a tick bite or being in wooded or brushy areas where ticks commonly live. Early symptoms can be non-specific and include fever or chills, rash, headache, fatigue and muscle aches. Early treatment with appropriate antibiotics can decrease the risk of serious complications.

Some tips to protect against tick-borne diseases include —

— Avoid tick-infested areas.

— As ticks live in grassy, brushy and wooded areas, walk in the center of trails to avoid contact with overgrown grass, brush and leaf litter at trail edges.

— Protect pets — dogs and cats can come into contact with ticks outdoors and bring them into the home. Talk with a veterinarian about the best tick prevention products for your pet.

— Use insect repellent: Apply repellent containing DEET or Picaridin on exposed skin, following the manufacturer’s instructions when applying repellents; and treat clothes — especially pants, socks and shoes — with permethrin, which kills ticks on contact, or buy clothes that are pre-treated but do not use permethrin directly on skin.

— Perform daily tick checks, on yourself and your animals, after being outdoors, even in your own yard; inspect all body surfaces carefully and remove attached ticks with tweezers — grasp the tick firmly and as closely to the skin as possible, then with a steady motion, pull the tick’s body away from the skin and cleanse the area with an antiseptic.

— Bathe or shower as soon as possible after coming indoors — at least within two hours — to wash off and more easily find crawling ticks.

— Wash clothing in hot water and dry on high heat to help kill ticks in clothing.

Not all ticks spread the same germs. MDHHS can help identify ticks encountered outdoors. Residents can email photos of ticks to MDHHS-Bugs@michigan.gov for identification. Michiganders can also submit ticks to MDHHS for identification, free of charge. For more information on how to submit a tick and/or photos, go to Michigan.gov/lyme.

The MDHHS Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Section has recently released a report “Michigan Trends in Tickborne Disease, 2016-2020,” which includes up-to-date information on the types of ticks that are common in Michigan and the diseases they can carry.

Go to CDC.gov/ticks for additional information.